Efectividad de una superficie especial de manejo de presión sustituto en la prevención de las lesiones por presión / Effectiveness of a Special Substitute Pressure Management Surface in Preventing Pressure Ulcers

Introducción: El alto índice de lesiones por presión en la Atención Primaria de Salud del municipio San José, generó la necesidad de utilizar una superficie especial de manejo de presión sustituto para su prevención. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una superficie especial de manejo de presión sustituto en la prevención de lesiones por presión. Métodos: Intervención cuasi-experimental con grupo control en pacientes encamados con lesiones por presión estadíos I y II en consultorios del Policlínico "Luis A. Turcios Lima", Mayabeque, durante 2018. Universo de 57 pacientes, se conformaron dos grupos por muestreo aleatorio simple. El grupo experimental con 27 pacientes (medidas generales de prevención y superficie especial de manejo de presión sustituto) y grupo control (medidas generales de prevención) 30 pacientes. Se calculó media aritmética y desviación estándar, se estimó Odds Ratio a través de modelo multivariado de regresión logística, con intervalo de confianza del 95 por ciento y un nivel de significancia p < 0.05. Resultados: Predominó el sexo femenino (66,67 por ciento grupo experimental, 73,33 por ciento grupo control). La edad media fue mayor en el grupo control (74,3 años), prevalecieron las lesiones estadio I (50,88 por ciento) y las regiones sacra y calcánea las más afectadas (45,61 por ciento y 24,56 por ciento, respectivamente), el tiempo de tratamiento promedio fue 10 días 8 horas. Se constató la efectividad de la superficie especial de manejo de presión sustituto en grupo experimental (92,59 por ciento), frente a la efectividad de medidas preventivas del grupo control (26,67 por ciento). Conclusiones: La utilización de una superficie especial de manejo de presión sustituto, diseñada con materiales de fácil acceso fue efectiva en la prevención de las lesiones por presión(AU)

ABSTRACT Introduction: The high rate of pressure injuries in primary health care of San José Municipality generated the need to use a special substitute pressure management surface for its prevention. Objective: To assess the effectiveness a special surrogate pressure management surface in preventing pressure injuries. Methods: Quasiexperimental intervention with a control group in bedridden patients with pressure injuries at stages I and II, carried out, during 2018, in family medical offices of Luis A. Turcios Lima Polyclinic, Mayabeque Province. The universe was 57 patients. Two groups were formed by simple random sampling. The experimental was made up of 27 patients (general preventive measures and special surrogate pressure management surface) and the control group was made up of 30 patients (general preventive measures). Arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated and odds ratio was estimated through multivariate logistic regression model, with a 95 percent confidence interval and a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The female sex predominated (66.67 percent from the experimental group and 73.33 percent from the control group). The mean age was higher in the control group (74.3 years). Stage I lesions prevailed (50.88 percent), while the sacral and calcaneal regions were the most affected (45.61 percent and 24.56 percent, respectively). Average treatment time was ten days and eight hours. Effectiveness of the special surrogate pressure management surface was found in the experimental group (92.59 percent), compared to the effectiveness of preventive measures in the control group (26.67 percent). Conclusions: The use of a special surrogate pressure management surface, designed with easily accessible materials, was effective in preventing pressure injuries(AU)

Efectividad de intervención de enfermería en conocimientos sobre prevención de caídas en ancianos que la experimentaron / Effectiveness of a Nursing Intervention regarding Knowledge about Falls Prevention in Elderly Affected by Such Events

Introducción: El conocimiento sobre prevención de caídas resulta indispensable en la reducción de su incidencia en ancianos, la intervención de enfermería puede ser la vía para lograrlo. Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de una intervención de enfermería sustentada en el modelo de Jean Watson en el nivel de conocimientos sobre prevención de caídas en ancianos que la han experimentado. Métodos: Investigación cuantitativa, pre-experimental con pre-test y post-test, contextualizada en 37 consultorios del Policlínico "Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo", provincia Sancti Spíritus, Cuba, del 2018 a 2019. Universo conformado por 42 ancianos que presentaron caídas en el último año. El conocimiento se midió con encuestas validadas por expertos y pilotaje con alfa de Cronbach > 0,5. Para los ejes temáticos y metodológicos de la intervención (sustentada en los 10 factores asistenciales de la teoría de Jean Watson), se revisó bibliografía sobre el tema, se tuvieron en cuenta las necesidades de conocimiento identificadas. Se procesó la información con frecuencias absolutas, porcentajes, media, desviación típica, valor mínimo y máximo. Para contrastar la hipótesis se utilizó la Prueba no paramétrica de rangos con signo de Wilcoxon. Resultados: Previo a la intervención, el nivel cuatro de conocimiento lo presentó el 9,52 por ciento de los ancianos, aplicada la intervención ascendió al 90,47 por ciento, con significación z = -5,249, p < 0,05. Conclusiones: La intervención de enfermería sustentada en el modelo de Jean Watson resultó efectiva en el incremento del nivel de conocimientos sobre prevención de caídas en ancianos que la han experimentado(AU)

Introduction: Knowledge about falls prevention is essential in reducing incidence in the elderly; nursing intervention may be the way for achieving it. Objective: To assess a Jean Watson's model-based nursing intervention's effectiveness in the level of knowledge about falls prevention in the elderly who have experienced it. Methods: Quantitative and pre-experimental research with pre-test and post-test, contextualized in 37 family medical offices belonging to Dr. Rudesindo Antonio García del Rijo Polyclinic (Sancti Spíritus Province, Cuba), and carried out from 2018 to 2019. The universe was made up of 42 elderly people who had falls in the last year. Knowledge was measured with surveys validated by experts and piloting with Cronbach's alpha higher than 0.5. For the thematic and methodological axes of the intervention (based on the ten care factors of Jean Watson's theory), the bibliography on the subject was reviewed, as well as the identified knowledge needs were taken into account. The information was processed with absolute frequencies, percentages, mean, standard deviation, as well as with minimum and maximum value. The Wilcoxon's signed rank test was used to test the hypothesis. Results: Prior to the intervention, level four of knowledge was shown by 9.52 percent of the elderly. Once the intervention was applied, it amounted to 90.47 percent, with significance of -5.249 and P < 0.05. Conclusions: A nursing intervention based on Jean Watson's model was effective in increasing the level of knowledge about falls prevention in the elderly who have experienced it(AU)

Combining scalp acupuncture with feedback can relieve post-stroke spasticity and paralysis of the lower extremities / 中华物理医学与康复杂志

Objective:To observe the effect of combining scalp acupuncture with feedback training on muscle tone, motor ability, plantar pressure distribution and joint range of motion of stroke survivors with lower limb spastic paralysis.Methods:A total of 212 stroke survivors were randomly divided into a combination group ( n=70), an exercise group ( n=70) and a scalp acupuncture group ( n=72) according to a random number table. All of the patients received routine medication and 120 minutes of rehabilitation training six days a week for 8 consecutive weeks. The rehabilitation training included guidance on good posture, posture change training, balance training and gait training. The scalp acupuncture and exercise groups were additionally provided with 40 minutes of scalp acupuncture and lower limb intelligent feedback training, while the combination group was given both. Muscle tension, balance and lower extremity movement were quantified before and after the training, and a gait evaluation system was used to detect the plantar pressure distribution on the affected side and the range of motion range of the lower limb joints during walking. Results:After the treatment, significant differences were observed in the average modified Ashworth scores, modified Berg scale scores, Fugl-Meyer lower extremity ratings and modified Barthel Index scores compared with before the treatment. The average scores of the combination group were then significantly better than those of the other two groups. The average load bearing ratios of the affected toes, metatarsal bones Ⅰ-V, medial arch, external arch, medial heel and external heel had improved significantly in all of the groups, with the improvement of the combination group again significantly greater than those of the other groups. The same pattern of improvement was observed in the groups′ average pelvic rotation angles, hip flexion angles, knee flexion angles and ankle dorsiflexion angles.Conclusion:Combining scalp acupuncture with intelligent feedback can significantly improve lower extremity functioning after a stroke. That should improve performance in the activities of daily living of stroke survivors.

Promoción de comportamientos saludables: actividad física y nutrición en adolescentes en condición de sobrepeso/obesidad / Promotion of healthy behaviors: physical activity and nutrition in overweight/obese adolescents

Introducción. El Sobrepeso y la obesidad se consideran un problema de salud pública, por su creciente incidencia en la población adolescente. Para hacerle frente se cuenta con la promoción de estilos de vida saludables como vía para mantener y alcanzar la salud de los jóvenes que se encuentran con exceso de peso. El reconocimiento de fortalezas desde la gestión del joven, se constituye en una propuesta para cambiar o mejorar comportamientos en nutrición y actividad física del adolescente, es así como las cogniciones relativas a la conducta: percepción de barreras y beneficios para el consumo de frutas y verduras y para el ejercicio y la percepción de autoeficacia se consideran como factores que modulan las percepciones de los adolescentes y conducen al cambio o modificación de comportamiento. En la revisión de la literatura no se encontró evidencia de intervenciones multicomponente: cognitiva, motivacional y comportamental en una misma intervención como propuesta para mejorar las condiciones de los jóvenes. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de una intervención multicomponente "Promoción de salud del adolescente" en el IMC y las cogniciones relativas a la conducta específica: percepción de barreras, beneficios y autoeficacia, relacionada con nutrición y actividad física en los adolescentes escolarizados en condición de sobrepeso/obesidad de Ibagué (Tolima). Materiales y métodos. Estudio cuasi-experimental con grupo intervención y control, mediciones pre prueba, pos prueba y seguimiento a los 2 y 4 meses. Al grupo experimental se ofreció la intervención "Promoción de salud del adolescente" el grupo control recibió la actividad educativa anual. El estudio contó con el aval del comité de ética de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia y de los rectores de las instituciones educativas, se firmaron consentimientos y asentimientos informados. El análisis se realizó con las pruebas T para comparación de medias, U de Mann-Whitney y g de Hedges para cálculo del tamaño del efecto. Resultados. Al comparar los grupos después de la intervención hay diferencia en las variables de Índice de masa corporal, (p=0,001), actividad física (p=0,042) y nutrición (p=0,010). Post intervención el índice de masa corporal disminuyo en el grupo intervención; el 43,8% paso de sobrepeso a normal, el 47,9% permaneció en sobrepeso y la obesidad disminuyo de 10,4% a 8,3. El tamaño del efecto fue moderado con valor de 0,571. En las mediciones de seguimiento se encontró que en el grupo intervención en la medición de 2 meses después de finalizada la intervención el peso aumento en un 26,74% y disminuyo nuevamente en un 37,32 de los adolescentes a los 4 meses Conclusión. La intervención "Promoción de la salud adolescente" tuvo un efecto moderado en el Índice de masa corporal (peso) y la nutrición, las cogniciones relativas a la conducta no presentaron cambios significativos, ni la actividad física, pero su comportamiento varió en el tiempo. El efecto no se mantuvo en el periodo de seguimiento, por lo que se debe desarrollar de manera continua y buscando estrategias de seguimiento efectivas

Introduction. Overweight and obesity are considered a public health problem, due to their increasing incidence in the adolescent population. To cope with it, there is the promotion of healthy lifestyles as a way to maintain and achieve the health of people who are in these conditions. The recognition of strengths from the management of the young person, constitutes a proposal to change or improve behaviors in nutrition and physical activity of the adolescent, as well as behavioral cognitions: perception of barriers and benefits for the consumption of fruits and vegetables and for the exercise and the perception of self-efficacy are considered as factors that modulate the perceptions of adolescents and lead to change or modification of behavior. In the literature review there was no evidence of multicomponent interventions: cognitive, motivational and behavioral in the same intervention as a proposal to improve the conditions of young people. Objective. Determine the effect of a multi-component intervention "Teenager health promotion" in the Body Mass Index and the cognitions relative to a specific conduct: perception of barriers, benefits and Self-Efficacy related to nutrition and physical activity in teenagers from Ibagué (Tolima) who are in school who suffer of overweight/obesity. Materials and methods. Quasi-experimental study with an intervention and a control group, pre-test and post-test measurements, and follow-up after 2 and 4 months. The intervention "Teenager health promotion" was offered to the intervention group, and the control group received the annual educational activity. The study had the approval of the ethics committee of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia and the headmasters of the schools. Informed consent and assent forms were signed. The analysis was done with T tests to compare means, U of Mann-Whitney and g of Hedges to calculate the size of the effect. Outcomes. Comparing the groups after the intervention, there is a difference in the Body Mass Index variables, (p=0,001), physical activity (p=0,042) and nutrition (p=0,010). After the intervention the Body Mass Index decreased in the intervention group; 43,8% passed from overweight to normal, 47,9% stayed with overweight and obesity decreased from 10,4% to 8,3%. In the follow-up measurements we found that in the measurement after 2 months of having finished the intervention, weight increased 26,74% and decreased again 37,32% in teenagers after 4 months. The size of the effect was moderate with a value of 0,571. Conclusion. The intervention "Teenager health promotion" had a moderate effect in the Body Mass Index (weight) and nutrition, cognitions related to conduct did not suffer significant changes, nor physical activity, but their behavior varied with time. The effect did not maintain its effect through time. The elements that did not have significant changes in the intervention must be strengthened.

Maternal factors associated with low birth weight in term neonates: A case-controlled study / Fatores maternos associados ao baixo peso de nascimento em neonatos a termo: um estudo de caso-controle

Abstract Objective To identify maternal factors associated with the presence of low birth weight in term neonates. Methods Matched hospital-based case-controlled study performed in a high complexity institution located in the city of Neiva, Colombia. The study included women with term gestation and singleton live fetuses. Patients with prior diseases, coming from other regions, with pregnancy resulting from assisted reproduction, or with a diagnosis of fetal abnormality or aneuploidy were excluded. Low birth weight was the dependent variable, and the independent variables that were analyzed were maternal sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Adjusted and non-adjusted odds ratios (aOR and OR) together with the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were reported. Results The study included 270 participants (90 cases and 180 controls). Controlling for maternal age, educational level, socioeconomic and civil status, social security and the presence of maternal disease during gestation, it was found that weight gain (aOR 0.77, 95% CI 0.70-0.85) and the absence of prenatal care (aOR 8.20, 95% CI 3.22-20.87) were among the factors associated with low birth weight. Conclusions The absence of weight gain and of prenatal care are factors associated with the presence of low birth weight in term neonates and should be considered in clinical practice.

Resumo Objetivo Identificar fatores maternos associados à presença de baixo peso ao nascer em neonatos a termo. Métodos Estudo de caso-controle realizado emuma instituição de alta complexidade localizada na cidade de Neiva, Colômbia. O estudo incluiu mulheres com gestação a termo e fetos vivos únicos. Pacientes com doenças prévias, provenientes de outras regiões, com gravidez resultante de reprodução assistida, ou com diagnóstico de anormalidade fetal ou aneuploidia foramexcluídos. O baixo peso ao nascer foi a variável dependente, e as variáveis independentes analisadas foram as características sociodemográficas e clínicas maternas. Razões de chance ajustadas e não ajustadas (RCa e RC) juntamente com os intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) foram relatadas. Resultados O estudo incluiu 270 participantes (90 casos e 180 controles). Controlando a idade materna, nível escolar, socioeconômico e civil, segurança social e a presença de doença materna durante a gestação, constatou-se que ganho de peso (RCa 0,77, IC 95% 0,70-0,85) e ausência de pré-natal (RCa 8,20, IC 95% 3,22-20,87) estavam entre os fatores associados ao baixo peso ao nascer. Conclusão As ausências de ganho ponderal e de pré-natal são fatores associados à presença de baixo peso ao nascer em recém-nascidos a termo e devem ser considerados na prática clínica.

Therapeutic effect of pulse high volume hemofiltration for treatment of patients with sepsis: a systemic review and Meta-analysis / 中国中西医结合急救杂志

Objective To systematically evaluate the therapeutic effect of pulse high volume hemofiltration (PHVHF) for treatment of patients with sepsis. Methods Databases such as PubMed in American National Medical Library, Holland medical abstract Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), China Biological Medical Literature Database (CBM), VIP, WanFang databases, etc. were searched by computer to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on PHVHF for treatment of patients with sepsis, and the retrieval time ranged from the creation of database to March 25, 2017. Both groups of patients received conventional treatments, including antibiotics, fluid resuscitation, vasoactive agents as well as other organ function support treatments to maintain the basic vital signs stable. Patients in PHVHF group received PHVHF besides conventional treatment, while the patients in control group received conventional treatment or any other continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) mode with PHVHF excluded. The literatures accepted should at least include one of the following changes of outcome indicators, such as overall mortality, the levels of inflammatory mediators eliminated, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) score, service life of filter, amount of replacement fluids used. Two researchers independently screened literatures, extracted data, and assessed the methodological quality of included studies. Meta-analysis was conducted by using RevMan 5.3 software and the publication bias was evaluated by visually inspecting funnel plots. Results A total of 11 RCTs involving 410 patients met eligibility criteria, of which 204 patients in the PHVHF group and 206 patients in the control group. In the control group 5 RCTs used other CRRT modes, and 6 RCTs applied the conventional therapy. Meta-analyses showed that interleukin-6 [IL-6, standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.80, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = -1.56 to -0.06, P = 0.04], tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α, SMD = -0.78, 95%CI = -1.33 to -0.23, P = 0.006), APACHE Ⅱ scores [mean difference (MD) = -3.80, 95%CI = -5.08 to -2.52, P < 0.000 01] were obviously lower than those in control group, but no significant statistical significance in mortality was seen between the two groups [relative risk (RR) = 0.72, 95%CI = 0.49 - 1.07, P = 0.10]. Further subgroup analyses suggested that compared with conventional treatment group, in PHVHF group mortality (RR = 0.40, 95%CI = 0.16 - 0.95, P = 0.04), IL-6 (SMD =-1.87, 95%CI = -3.58 to -0.16, P = 0.03), TNF-α (SMD = -1.32, 95%CI = -2.24 to -0.40, P = 0.005), and APACHE Ⅱscore (MD = -4.29, 95%CI = -6.02 to -2.56, P < 0.000 01) were significantly decreased; however, only a significantly decreased APACHE Ⅱ score (MD = -2.95, 95%CI = -4.56 to -1.35, P = 0.000 3) was observed in PHVHF group compared to that in subgroup of other CRRT modes. Conclusions Compared with using conventional therapy alone, using PHVHF combined with conventional therapy for treatment of patients with sepsis can more effectively improve their prognosis, and PHVHF can be the efficacious alternatives of other CRRT modes especially the HVHF. However, due to the limited quantity and quality of the included studies, further high-quality, multicenter, large-scale RCTs are needed to verify the above conclusion.

Effects of 1 0-week group psychotherapy on mood and quality of life in patients with early and mid-term colorectal cancer / 中国心理卫生杂志

Objective:To determine if a group psychotherapy programme offers significant benefits to psycho-logical wellbeing for early and mid-term colorectal cancer patients compared to control group.Methods:Totally 67 patients previously diagnosed with colorectal cancer who participated in this study,34 patients accepted an invitation to join the intervention group,received 10 consecutive,weekly sessions group psychotherapy,and 33 patients served as control subject with usual care only.All participants were assessed at baseline and post-therapy (week 10 follow-ing enrollment or equivalent ).Assessment comprised self-completed Cancer Quality-of-life Core Questionnaire (QLQ-C30),Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS)and Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS).Results:At baseline, 67participants completed questionnaires,and 60 questionnaires returned at post-therapy,from 30 intervention group participants and 30 control group participants.Baseline scores for SAS and SDS were higher in intervention than control group[(42.0 ±7.7)vs.(36.0 ±6.8),(44.4 ±11.5)vs. (38.7 ±9.0),Ps 0.05 ).Post-therapy,intervention group participants reported significantly scores for anxiety, depression and fatigue compared with controlled group.In the comparison of before-post difference between inter-vention and controlled group,the difference of SAS score,SDS score,role function score and fatigue score showed significant discrepancy,intervention group improve significantly (Ps <0.05 ).Conclusion:Group psychotherapy could improve anxiety and depression,for colorectal cancer patients,and may help to improve quality of life,possi-bly through improving role function and decreasing fatigue symptoms.

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study on prefrontal lobe and hippocampus in depression / 中华行为医学与脑科学杂志

ObjectivesTo explore the characteristic of different subtypes of depression on prefrontal lobe and hippocampus by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS),and its relationship.Methods 46 patients of depression,which were met with the third edition of the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders (CC-MD-Ⅲ ) since December 2010 to March 2012 from Mental Diseases Prevention and Treatment Institute,were examined at prefrontal lobe and hippocampus by multi-voxel 1 H-MRS.They were divided into male ( n =25) and female ( n =21 ),early-onset subtype ( n =26) and late-onset subtype ( n =20 ),short-duration of illness ( n =23 )and long-duration of illness ( n =23 ) by different criteria.The N-acetylaspartate ( NAA),Choline-congtaining compounds (Cho),and Creatine compounds (Cr) were measured and the ratios of NAA/Cr,Cho/Cr were determined.ResultsOn left prefrontal lobe,the NAA/Cr ratios in patients of male ( 1.83 ± 0.19),late-onset subtype (1.86 ±0.16),and short-duration of illness ( 1.83 ±0.17) showed higher than those in female ( 1.70 ±0.12,t=2.711,P ＜ 0.01 ),early-onset subtype ( 1.70 ± 0.19,t =3.028,P ＜ 0.01 ),and long-duration of illness ( 1.71±0.20,t =2.192,P＜0.05).Both on left prefrontal and on left thalamus,the ratios of NAA/Cr were positively correlated with the age of onset ( r=0.493 and 0.478,P＜0.01 ),and were negatively correlated with the duration of illness ( r =- 0.482 and - 0.470,P ＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsDifferent subtypes of depression maybe have different characteristics of 1H-MRS due to the age of onset and the duration of illness.

Assessing the degree of evidence based therapeutic intervention in a university based family medicine outpatient clinic

BACKGROUND: Despite the development of medical knowledge and technology, it has long been pointed out that the treatment guidelines are not sufficiently based on evidence. It has not been yet studied how evidence based medicine is implemented when physicians make their therapeutic decision. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of evidence based interventions in a university based family medicine outpatient clinic. METHODS: The degree of evidence based practice was evaluated using Ellis and Gills' method developed by the Evidence - Based Medicine Center in Oxford. The Patients' records of an outpatient clinic of a university hospital were reviewed on the primary diagnosis - intervention. The evidence based guidelines were defined as traditional textbooks and the results of randomized controlled trials found on databases such as Medicine, Clinical evidence, Best evidence, and Cochrane. ln case where there were no guidelines, consultation with the specialists was done. The degree of the evidence based therapeutic interventions was assessed by three levels. RESULTS: There were 179 primary diagnosis - intervention pairs, among them, 125 pairs (69.8%) of interventions were based on randomized controlled trial evidence and 19 pairs (10.6%) based on convincing non-experimental evidence. No evidence was found for 35 pairs (19.6%) . As a result, 80.4% of the total 144 pairs were regarded as evidence - based medicine. CONCLUSIONS: The result showed that considerable portion of the total cases were evaluated as based on clinical evidence, which is similar to the conclusions of the previous studies in other countries. We hope that future similar studies will be conducted in other institutions as well as in other specialities.